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This term, popular among the Ba Na and the E De, is used to name the single-stringed fiddle played by some ethnic groups in the Truong Son-Tay Nguyen region (Ba Na, Gia Rai, E De, Xo Dang, Pako, and Hre, etc.).
Name of ethnic group: Lao (Lao Boc and Lao Noi)
Population: 11,611 people (Year 1999)
Locality: Concentrated in Dien Bien City (Dien Bien Province); Phong Tho and Than Uyen districts (Lai Chau Province); Song Ma District (Son La Province).
In the past, the dan day was an accompanying instrument used only for one genre of songs, which later divided in two variants known today as hat cua dinh and hat a dao.
Name of ethnic group: Lo Lo (Mun Di, Lo Lo Hoa and Lo Lo Den)
Population: 3,307 people (Year 1999)
Locality: Dong Van and Meo Vac districts of Ha Giang Province, Bao Lac District of Cao Bang Province and Muong Khuong District of Lao Cai Province.
Dan bau is a musical instrument that touches the heart. The music of dan bau (one-stringed zither) should be solely for the pleasure of its player. Don't listen to it if you are a young woman.
Name of ethnic group: Lu (Nhuon and Duon)
Population: 4,964 people (Year 1999)
Locality: Phong Tho and Sin Ho Districts of Lai Chau Province.
The xam song is one kind of song that was created by the Vietnamese a long time ago, and which is considered a very special performance. People used to walk in a group of two to three or four to five and sing, mainly in residential areas such as a parking lot, a ferry-landing, or a market gate.
Name of ethnic group: Ma (Chau Ma, Ma Xop, Ma To, Ma Krung, and Ma Ngan)
Population: 33,338 people (year 1999)
Locality: Lam Dong Province.
This three-stringed lute is used by several ethnic groups in Vietnam. The Viet call it dan tam, whereas the Ha Nhi calls it ta in. This instrument exists in three sizes: large, medium, and small. The small is the most popular.
Name of ethnic group: Mang (Mang U and Xa La Vang)
Population: 2,663 people (Year 1999)
Locality: Sin Ho, Muong Te, Phong Tho districts of Lai Chau Province; and Muong Cha District of Dien Bien Province.
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